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ISBN978-1-4384-2165-0^ Lopez 1995, p.16This section needs additional citations for verificationBRILL AcademicISBN978-81-208-0805-8History[edit]Contents 1 Historical Siddhrtha Gautama 2 Traditional biographies 2.1 Biographical sources 2.2 Nature of traditional depictions 3 Biography 3.1 Conception and birth 3.2 Early life and marriage 3.3 Renunciation and ascetic life 3.4 Awakening 3.5 Formation of the sangha 3.6 Travels and teaching 3.7 Mahaparinirvana 3.8 Relics 4 Physical characteristics 5 Nine virtues 6 Teachings 6.1 Use of Brahmanical motifs 6.2 Tracing the oldest teachings 6.3 Dhyana and insight 6.4 Earliest Buddhism 6.5 Later developments 7 Other religions 8 Depiction in arts and media 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Citations 11.2 Bibliography 12 Further reading 13 External links Another one of his edicts mentions the titles of several Dhamma texts, establishing the existence of a written Buddhist tradition at least by the time of the Maurya erapp.61 with footnote 80
Waley suggests that Theravadins would take suukaramaddava (the contents of the Buddha’s last meal), which can translate literally as pig-soft, to mean "soft flesh of a pig" or "pig’s soft-food", that is, after Neumann, a soft food favoured by pigs, assumed to be a truffle^ a b Narada 1992, p.14On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic^ Fowler 2005, p.32The Brahma-vihara was in origin probably a brahmanic term;[160] but its usage may have been common to the Sramana traditions.[136]An extensive and colorful physical description of the Buddha has been laid down in scripturesThe Hindu Temple^ ^ Malalasekera 1960, pp.291-292Birth and childhood of the Buddha Maya’s dream, Bharhut, circa 150 BCE
Everything preceding the eighth part, i.e^ Narain 1993, pp.187201Music Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as circa 563 BCE to 483 BCE.[1][27] More recently his death is dated later, between 411 and 400 BCE, while at a symposium on this question held in 1988,[28][29][30] the majority of those who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha’s death.[1][31][note 3] These alternative chronologies, however, have not yet been accepted by all historians.[36][37][note 5]p.45^ a b Karetzky 2000, p.xxiWarder, AK (2000), Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Wayman, Alex (1997), Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN812081321-9 Weise, Kai; et al^ Huntington 1986, p.47
^ "in Sanskrit philosophical literature, ’stika’ means ’one who believes in the authority of the Vedas’, ’soul’, ’Brahman’ISBN0-7007-1548-7Pla period In early medieval era, Viharas became important institutions and a part of Buddhist Universities with thousands of students, such as NalandaAccording to the Pli historical chronicles of Sri Lanka, the Dpavasa and Mahvasa, the coronation of Emperor Aoka (Pli: Asoka) is 218 years after the death of the BuddhaISBN978-0-674-91525-1These may reflect the different traditional views on Buddhist vegetarianism and the precepts for monks and nunsConception and birthHinber proposes a composition date of no later than 350-320 BCE for this text, which would allow for a "true historical memory" of the events approximately 60 years prior if the Short Chronology for the Buddha’s lifetime is accepted (but also reminds that such a text was originally intended more as hagiography than as an exact historical record of events).[62][63] 5c5c846363
ISBN978-1-4384-2165-0^ Lopez 1995, p.16This section needs additional citations for verificationBRILL AcademicISBN978-81-208-0805-8History[edit]Contents 1 Historical Siddhrtha Gautama 2 Traditional biographies 2.1 Biographical sources 2.2 Nature of traditional depictions 3 Biography 3.1 Conception and birth 3.2 Early life and marriage 3.3 Renunciation and ascetic life 3.4 Awakening 3.5 Formation of the sangha 3.6 Travels and teaching 3.7 Mahaparinirvana 3.8 Relics 4 Physical characteristics 5 Nine virtues 6 Teachings 6.1 Use of Brahmanical motifs 6.2 Tracing the oldest teachings 6.3 Dhyana and insight 6.4 Earliest Buddhism 6.5 Later developments 7 Other religions 8 Depiction in arts and media 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Citations 11.2 Bibliography 12 Further reading 13 External links Another one of his edicts mentions the titles of several Dhamma texts, establishing the existence of a written Buddhist tradition at least by the time of the Maurya erapp.61 with footnote 80
Waley suggests that Theravadins would take suukaramaddava (the contents of the Buddha’s last meal), which can translate literally as pig-soft, to mean "soft flesh of a pig" or "pig’s soft-food", that is, after Neumann, a soft food favoured by pigs, assumed to be a truffle^ a b Narada 1992, p.14On these he encountered a diseased man, a decaying corpse, and an ascetic^ Fowler 2005, p.32The Brahma-vihara was in origin probably a brahmanic term;[160] but its usage may have been common to the Sramana traditions.[136]An extensive and colorful physical description of the Buddha has been laid down in scripturesThe Hindu Temple^ ^ Malalasekera 1960, pp.291-292Birth and childhood of the Buddha Maya’s dream, Bharhut, circa 150 BCE
Everything preceding the eighth part, i.e^ Narain 1993, pp.187201Music Most historians in the early 20th century dated his lifetime as circa 563 BCE to 483 BCE.[1][27] More recently his death is dated later, between 411 and 400 BCE, while at a symposium on this question held in 1988,[28][29][30] the majority of those who presented definite opinions gave dates within 20 years either side of 400 BCE for the Buddha’s death.[1][31][note 3] These alternative chronologies, however, have not yet been accepted by all historians.[36][37][note 5]p.45^ a b Karetzky 2000, p.xxiWarder, AK (2000), Indian Buddhism, Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Wayman, Alex (1997), Untying the Knots in Buddhism: Selected Essays, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN812081321-9 Weise, Kai; et al^ Huntington 1986, p.47
^ "in Sanskrit philosophical literature, ’stika’ means ’one who believes in the authority of the Vedas’, ’soul’, ’Brahman’ISBN0-7007-1548-7Pla period In early medieval era, Viharas became important institutions and a part of Buddhist Universities with thousands of students, such as NalandaAccording to the Pli historical chronicles of Sri Lanka, the Dpavasa and Mahvasa, the coronation of Emperor Aoka (Pli: Asoka) is 218 years after the death of the BuddhaISBN978-0-674-91525-1These may reflect the different traditional views on Buddhist vegetarianism and the precepts for monks and nunsConception and birthHinber proposes a composition date of no later than 350-320 BCE for this text, which would allow for a "true historical memory" of the events approximately 60 years prior if the Short Chronology for the Buddha’s lifetime is accepted (but also reminds that such a text was originally intended more as hagiography than as an exact historical record of events).[62][63] 5c5c846363
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